There are lots of battle games out now that use cards, but you’ve never seen, "A Men at Arms” Series and its initial offering, Chainmail.
The game uses cards, one deck for each player (whose cards are somewhat different from those of the other player) to drive the game. Each player gets a certain number of cards each turn - often a different number for each player! - but never his full deck.
The cards are used to determine movement, combat, and actions such as Missile Fire, Knights Charge, Counter-Attack, and Chivalry Charge, among others. Players may play as many of their cards up to 5 when it’s their turn, using each card for only one of the possible three purposes. Play passes back and forth between players, until both players have used all their cards… and the turn is over.